http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/216 2026-04-27T02:00:16Z 2026-04-27T02:00:16Z AYENI, SAMUEL OLALEKAN http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5593 2023-04-04T13:00:37Z 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF BITUMEN LOCATION IN OKITIPUPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE. AYENI, SAMUEL OLALEKAN Recently various private investors have shown interest in the exploitation of bitumen in Ondo State, but were faced with some problems such as no adequate information about the geographical locations and distribution of bitumen deposit in the study area, also, getting hold of the information about the environmental impact assessment of the study area proved abortive, finally, physical and chemical properties of bitumen in the study area has not been carried out, hence making it difficult to assess if it’s of economic relevance. Bitumen is a viscous liquid or solid made primarily of hydrocarbons, it can be obtained by refining petroleum, or can be discovered as a natural deposit or as a component of naturally occurring asphalt. (Alagbe, 2020). Agricultural and farming activities have been immensely affected due to damages caused by oil spillage from up stream flow down to Agric settlements. Settlers in these places have been living under unhealthy life style especially during the raining season. Spatial analysis and mapping of bitumen locations is carried out in order to determine areas affected and areas prone to hazard using remote sensing and GIS technique. The objective of the research is to examine the geographical extent of bitumen locations in the study area, Assess the hazard effects of bitumen in the study area, and evaluate the economic significant of bitumen in the study area. Differential Global Position System was used to acquire the coordinate of bitumen locations in the study area. The coordinate was later used in downloading the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), SRTM Digital Elevation Model from USGS which was used for flow accumulation, flow direction and stream ordering analysis as well as visualizing and assessing the conditions for spill from bitumen location to different settlements. The assessment of the hazardous effects of bitumen in the study area was carried out using hydrological analysis method and Mathematical embedded model in ArcGIS10.2 (Getis-ordGi). Landsat Thematic Mapper of year 2020 was used to determine the land cover of the study area in other to depict affected built up area, vegetation, bare surface, and water bodies. Bulk density, porosity, electrical resistivity, and x-ray florescence test was carried out on the collected sample to determine their physical and chemical component which assisted in the assessment of the economic relevance of the collected samples. The total area covered was 87549.98ha, out of which 5.269% was bare surface, built up area takes 9.406%, vegetation takes 77.334% and water body takes 2.836%. The analysis also shows that 1.17% of bare surface is affected, 2.430% of built up area, 6.198% of vegetation and 1.384% of water body are also affected by the bitumen. The research reveals that villages such as Igodan-Lisa, Ago Bonema, Oluagbo, Igbo Ayeka, Okitipupa, Erinje-Ekeji, Epinnipinni, Igbotako-Erinje, Ago Woli, Igbobini, Odole are affected by bitumen spillage while Jemidudu is liable to spillage of bitumen. The study revealed that there is abundance of bitumen deposit in the study area, hydrological analysis as well as land use land cover showed that larger percentage of the affected area is vegetation and forested covers followed by built up and smaller percentage of water body, The chemical analysis of the bitumen from the study area is averagely consistent as compared to other localities. The results confirmed that the bitumen sample analyzed is rich in silica (SiO2) and alumina Al2O3) which indicates that it is of high economic relevance. It was however recommended that this research work should serve as a guide in curbing area that are affected and also area prone to bitumen hazard before it escalates further so as to protect lives, properties, and natural habitats. The government of the day should also create a political enabling environment for bitumen exploitation.

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z ADELEKE, OLUSAYO http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5592 2023-04-04T12:59:36Z 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM HEIGHT AND MASK ANGLE OF GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) RECEIVER FOR POINT POSITIONING ADELEKE, OLUSAYO Differential and Geodetic Global Position System (DGPS) receivers are capable of surveying measurement with geodetic positioning accuracy. They are designed to be mounted on a tripod usually with a tribrach and set up for observations with assigned mask angle and height of antenna above the survey marks. Assignation of inaccurate mask angle and height of antenna, during observations, is undoubtedly the most prevalent and frequent biases in GPS set up during control surveying which usually leads to less accurate geodetic positioning. Other errors in GPS observations which have been adequately addressed by many researchers are due to ionospheric, stratospheric, tropospheric, and multipath delays among others. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to reduce the arbitrary assignation of GPS mask angle and antenna angle to the barest minimum in order to optimize the accuracy of GPS geodetic positioning. That is, optimal antenna height and mask angle of GPS antenna were determined for geodetic point positioning to be adopted for all GPS observations. The objectives were the determination of the positional coordinates of survey mark at different GPS antenna heights by varying the height upward at 1cm interval with constant mask angle until the optimum height was achieved and determination of the coordinates of survey mark at different mask angle by varying the mask angle upward at 10 interval with the constant optimum height until the optimum mask angle was achieved at the rover station. The survey mark used was a known point (control point with existing coordinates which were authenticated with so many research both by staff and students) within the Federal University of Technology, Akure using Tersus GPS equipment receiver in static mode of observation. Seventy-six (76) coordinate observations were carried out for the determination of optimum antennal height while twenty-three (23) coordinates were observed for the determination of optimum mask angle. The observed field data was post processed using Tersus Geo office processor software and the results obtained were analysed statistically. The values of antenna heights and mask angles were plotted against their respective level of errors. It was observed that 1.76m is the antenna height with the least error level while 200 is the mask angle with the least level of error. Statistical analysis using hypothesis test carried out on the results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of accuracy between the use of 15˚ mask angle as recommended by the manufacturer of the GPS and the of 20˚ mask angle obtained from this research at 95% confidence level. Therefore, it can be concluded that, in a fairly level terrain, 20˚ and 1.76m have proved to be the optimal mask angle and antenna height respectively for all GPS observations during point positioning. Hence, it is recommended that the results obtained in this research should be adopted for GPS observations for better geodetic point positioning.

2021-08-01T00:00:00Z TITILADE, ADEDEJI SAMUEL http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5257 2022-01-18T14:29:20Z 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF OPEN DEFECATION IN THE CORE AREA OF AKURE METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA. TITILADE, ADEDEJI SAMUEL Open defecation is an act of unhealthy human practice of defecating in the open instead of toilets which is covered, safe and hygienic. This study therefore is designed to assess open defecation sites and their health implications in the core area of Akure metropolis, Ondo State. The primary data involved recording the coordinates of Open Defecation (OD) sites, public toilets, schools, markets, soil and water samples points with Garmin hand held GPS. Also, Samples of soil and well water were collected at ten locations and a well-structured questionnaire was administered to 394 respondents in the study area. The Secondary data includes Landsat Satellite data for 1991,2002,2014 and 2018 and google earth imagery of the study area. The questionnaires were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square set at 0.05 significant level and the result shows that socio-cultural and environmental factors contribute significantly to the practice of open defecation (p > 0.001). The hotspot analysis shows the location where the practice of open defecation is on very high density while the corridor analysis was used to determine the coverage of existing public toilets as well as siting locations for proposed public toilets in the study area. In addition, the Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) prediction shows that the built environment and bare land will be increased while grassland and bush will decline by the year 2025 and this suggest that there will be a significant reduction in the practice of open defecation in the study area by the year 2025 whereby people do not have open spaces to convert to open defecation sites. From the result of the soil and water tests, there were presence of coliform bacterial and fungi in the samples and this shows that the sampled soil and water are contaminated and water sources within the study area are not safe for drinking. Lastly, the soil spectral characterization shows that there is presence of microbes in the observed soil samples which are associated with Open defecation diseases. The study recommends that government should build modern public toilets in the study area and there should be health education using community participatory approach.

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z OPOOLA, LATEEF OLARANTI http://196.220.128.81:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5256 2022-01-18T14:22:55Z 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z

GEOSPATIAL ASSESSEMENT OF SHORELINE CHANGES ALONG THE COASTAL AREA OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA. OPOOLA, LATEEF OLARANTI .Studies have revealed that poorly monitored changes in shorelines may lead to disastrous effects on human and livelihood. Over four decades, shorelines of Ondo State have been experiencing a consistent landward movement, thereby causing sea incursion in some communities along the coastal areas of the state, which have claimed lives and properties. This study determined; the horizontal changes in the coastal area of Ondo state between 1911 and 2019; the bathymetry characteristics of the coastline between 1986 and 2019; the volume and rate of change of sediment gain and loss; and predicted the future positions of the coast, both horizontally and vertically. The aim of the study was to assess the changes in the shoreline along the coastal area of of Ondo State, Nigeria with a view of providing relevant information that will be of assistance to coastline management in the state. The shorelines at different years were delineated using historic administrative maps covering the study area, which was produced in 1911 and 1978, and from Landsat imageries of 1986, 1999, 2002, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Horizontal changes in the coastline over the years were determined using five transect methods. Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) was used to determine depths along the coastal areas, which was used to estimate the volume of sand sedimentation. The results however indicated that there were horizontal changes in the coastal area as accretion occurred mostly in the western flank of the coastline, while coastal erosion occurred majorly in the eastern flank of the coastline. The bathymetric characteristics showed that the depth of the ocean was increasing farther away from the coastline into the Atlantic Ocean. It was deduced that the period between 2015 and 2016 had the highest sediment net loss, while the highest sediment net gain occurred between 2017 and 2018. It was then forecasted that accretion will probably continue to occur in the western flank of the coast, while erosion will probably likely occur in the eastern flank of the coast in the year 2039, based on the historical data of the coastline. The vertical forecast, which is the bathymetric characteristics showed that depths will probably follow the same pattern as the previous years. It was further deduced that majority of the sediment net gain will be deposited towards the western flank of the coast, which is Abala axis in the year 2039.

2021-09-01T00:00:00Z