MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATIONAND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF HUMAN PATHOGENICBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM POULTRYDROPPINGS IN AKURE, NIGERIA

Abstract

In a study that investigated the molecular identification and antibiotic resistance of human pathogenic bacteria isolated from poultry droppings, six hundred and eighty four (684) samples of fresh poultry dropping were obtained from layers, broilers and free-range chickens in Akure, Nigeria. Sample collection, biochemical characterization and identification of the isolated bacteria were carried out by standard microbiological methods. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration method was used for Synergistic effect of combined antibiotics, plasmid profile was carried out and molecular identity of the isolates was carried out by 16s RNA sequence. Bacterial pathogens isolated were mainly Enterobacteria, Escherichia coli 84 (53.50%) is the most prevalent bacteria, twenty-one (21) different antibiotic usage patterns was observed with Enrofloxacin, NCO (Neomycine, Chloramphenicol and Oxytetracycline), Chlortetracycline and Keproceryl® being the most used antibiotics.The result revealed that the isolate were highly resistant to Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ceftriaxone, Nitrofuratoin, Cotrimoxazol, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol, 100%, 98.66%, 97.71%, 94.66%, 94.63%, 80.54%, and 76.51% respectively but less resistant toOfloxacin 11(8.40%) and Ciprofloxacin 22(16.79%). Antibiotic resistance pattern based on the most used antibiotics revealed tetracycline (89.36%) resistant higher in the isolates from chlortetracycline and resistance to gentamicin (51.72%), cloxacillin(100%), erythromycin(100%) was higher in those isolates from keproceryl. All the isolates were resistant to at least three different antibiotics, there were more synergistic interaction between the combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics with fluoroquinolone, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The molecular identity and plasmid profile of selected multidrug resistant revealed the following bacteria; Salmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovarTyphi str. CT18, Proteus mirabilis strain HI4320, Pseudomonas fluorescensSBW25, Staphylococcus cohniisubsp. cohnii strain 532 Contig16, Salmonella entericasubsp. entericaserovarInfantis, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. DH10B, Shigellaflexneri2a str. 2457T and Klebsiellapneumoniaestrain J1. Plasmid size ranged from 8.60 to 128.0 kilo base pair (kbp) and the numberof plasmid carried by bacteria ranged from 1 to 3. The genetic base of resistance was mostly plasmid mediated fluoroquinoloneresitance. The conventional use of antibiotics in poultry may have resulted to resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and presence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and plasmid mediated resistance in pathogenic bacteria isolated from poultry droppings in Akure is of great public health importance.