AMELIORATIVE POTENTIALS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GLORY LEAF (ClerodendrumSplendensG.Don)ONALLOXANINDUCED TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS ON MALE ALBINO RATS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus a long existing Human disease which is characterized by persistent hyperglyceamia of insulin deficiency origin with its devastating effect nearly reaching epidemic level deserves urgent healthy attention; Clerodendrumsplendensleaf which has been reported to have healing effect due to its bioactivity observed during traditional uses also deserves, investigation. Therefore the aim of this research is to establish the antidiabetic potential of the methanolic extract of Glory leaf (ClerodendrumsplendensG.don) on alloxan induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Male albino Rats. The study revealed that MLCS decreased total cholesterol in the blood in the diabetic treated group. The results of the in-vivo antioxidant assays like GST, GPX and SOD showed that the activities of these enzymes were significantly increased by the methanolic leaf extract in the treated diabetic groups but were inhibited in the untreated group. The effect of MLCS on GPx activity on Kidney, Pancrease and Blood showed that there was a significant increase in enzyme activity as a result of the treatment with MLCS and glybenclamide after alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. GPx activity was inhibited as a result of the diabetes condition. Meanwhile, MLCS 100 (kidney, 64.34; blood, 24.72; pancreas, 15.77) and 200 (kidney, 93.09; blood, 35.77; pancreas, 22.82) mg/kg BWT combat the diabetes stress on the kidney, blood and pancreas by increasing the activity of the GPx enzyme compared to positive control group (Group 4) (kidney, 23.38; blood, 8.98; pancreas, 5.73)(p<0.05). Serum creatinine was elevated as a result of the diabetes condition, treatment with 100 mg/kg BWT (11.002 mg/dl), 200 mg/kg BWT (7.36 mg/dl) of MLCS. There was a significant improvement on total protein concentration as a result of the treatment with MLCS, which had a concentration dependent outcomes for the tissues of interest (p<0.05). The result also revealed reduction of protein concentration in Group 1 for the kidney (2.09mg/dl), blood (3.09 mg/dl) and pancreas (2.08 mg/dl) as a result of denaturing effects of free radical generated through the diabetic condition.PCV amount fell as a result alloxan assault (20%) meanwhile, treatment with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg increase the PCV to 37% and 38% respectively. Alloxan assault reduced the amounts of RBC, WBC and haemoglobin; glybenclamide demonstrated a higher haematological protection than 100 and 200 mg/kg BWT. The histological results of kidney showed moderate fibrosis of the parenchyma and normal bowman space with mildy thickened basement membrane both in 100 and 200 mg/kg BWT extract treated diabetic group while in pancreas the treated groups shows islet and acinar cells comparable to negative control groups. The anti-diabetic potential of this leaf is due to the presence of some phytochemical compounds.