ANALYSIS OF URBAN GROWTH AND ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC WATER DISTRIBUTION IN JOS CITY, NIGERIA

Abstract

This research work is a quantitative investigation of how the urban area is growing in relation to how urban facilities are provided all in an attempt of seeking solutions for attaining sustainable urban management. The main focus is on expansion of water pipe facilities. Proximity to a facility is one of the measures of physical accessibility. The types of data comprises of both the primary and secondary sources. The primary data comprises of geographic information from the field and discussion with relevant authorities. The secondary data include maps, images and discussion with relevant authorities. Three medium resolution Landsat images of 1986 (TM), 2001 (ETM+) and 2015(OLI) were used to derive urban land use/land cover change patterns of the study. The maximum likelihood algorithm in ENVI 5.1 software environment was used to quantify the urban growth using the supervised classification and Cooperative Visual image interpretation. The Histogram analysis of the images was carried out to determine the classes of interest. Postclassification comparison technique was used to produce growth/change map, and Accuracy Assessment was carried out using the confusion matrix Kappa coefficient and ground truth. The rate of urban growth was calculated using the Annual Urban Spatial Expansion Index (AUSEI). The result of the analysis reveals that the urban area increased from 23.185km2 (1.70%) of the total area in 1986 to about 72.108km2 in 2015 with an average growth rate of about 5.3%. Inventory of water distribution facilities was collected and digitized in ArcGIS environment. The spatiotemporal change of water distribution facilities (pipe networks) was calculated using the Annual Water Infrastructure Expansion Index (AWIEI). A total of about 165.757 km length of water distribution pipes networks were laid in the study area. These water distribution facilities are discovered to be inadequate to meet the need of the fast growing urban area. The result of overlay thiessen polygon analysis shows that about 14 major sttlements in the study area remain inaccessibly to public water source. These communities are depending on other alternative sources which may not meet the standard requirement of WHO (2012). Correlation and regression analysis was carried out using SPSS. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between urban growth and water facility with Pearson moment product of correlation (r) = 0.905. The regression analyses indicate that a unit change in urban growth will require about 56.4% extension of new pipe lines. In conclusion, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the positive hypothesis (H1) was accepted, there is a significant relationship between urban growth and expansion of water facility.