COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF TRAMETES ELEGANS (SPRENG.) AND TRAMETES LACTINEA (BERK.).

Abstract

The present study examined the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant 9properties of extracts obtained from two wild mushrooms, Trametes elegans and Trametes lactinea collected from forest in Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Ondo State and Osengere, Egbeda Local government area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The fruit bodies were identified morphologically at the Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA). The identities of the macrofungi were then confirmed by amplifying and sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS 4 and ITS 5) of their nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Extracts from the powdered fruiting bodies of the mushroom were obtained by soaking in methanol and acetone. Antimicrobial effect of the Trametes species extracts was performed on clinical and typed microbial cultures using standard microbiological techniques. In addition, phytochemicals analysis of the Trametes species extracts was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (OH), Iron II (Fe2+), lipid peroxidation and ferric reducing agent (FRAP). The ITS discriminated between the two Trametes species collected from Ondo and Oyo States, Nigeria and Trametes species sequences obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. The level of relatedness of Trametes species collected in Nigeria and the already existing gene sequences of Trametes species in NCBI GenBank ranged between 98 to 99%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, and cardiac glycosides in all the extracts with values ranging between 9.319 to 23.682mg/g. Among the phytochemicals, cardiac glycoside and saponin were the most abundant while tannin was the least abundant in all the Trametes species extracts. The extracts of T. elegans and T. lactinea displayed varying antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 1.50 to 35.33mm. Methanol extract of T. lactinea at a concentration of 50mg/ml exhibited the highest antibacterial (28.17mm against Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal activity (35.33mm against Aspergillus flavus). For the FRAP assay, all the Trametes species displayed high FRAP values. The FRAP value was highest in the acetone extract of T. elegans (15283.00 μmol Fe2+/g) and lowest in methanol extract of T. lactinea (6473.92 μmol Fe2+/g). The extracts of Trametes species produced moderate and concentration dependent chelating effect on ferrous ion. At 2mg/ml, the free radical scavenging activity of the extracts showed higher inhibition to DPPH, NO, H2O2, and OH radicals but lower to that of the control butylhydroxytoluene (BHT). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the extracts was significantly high at concentration of 1 and 2mg/ml. The results of the present study show that extracts from Trametes species exhibit significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In light of this findings, these Trametes species collected Ondo and Oyo State, Nigeria could be considered as potential sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidants, and could be of great importance for the treatment of infectious, radical related and age associated diseases