ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF TRAMETES SPECIES ON MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM THE URINE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN ONDO STATE.

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial effect of Trametes species on microorganisms isolated from urine of pregnant women. Urine is one of the sterile fluids in the body but when it is colonized with microorganisms, all the structures of the urinary tract are at risk of being invaded. Midstream urine samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics across the three senatorial districts in Ondo State. Trametes elegans and Trametes polyzona were collected from rotten woods in Ipinsa farm, Akure and the phytoconstituents of the mushrooms were extracted using n-hexane and acetone. The urine samples were analysed according to standard microbiological techniques. A total of sixteen (16) bacterial species and five (5) yeasts were isolated. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 9.32% with Escherichia coli being the most predominant organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus while no significant candiduria was observed though Candida spp. were isolated. Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Perfloxacin and Itraconazole were found to be the most effective antibiotics and antifungal agent against the urinary isolates. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponnin, tannin, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside and terpenoids in the mushroom extracts. N-hexane and acetone extracts of T. polyzona and T. elegans effectively inhibited the growth of most of the tested uropathogens. At the concentration of 300mg/ml, N-hexane extract of T. polyzona showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.00mm), S. aureus (32.00mm), Candida albicans (31.33mm) and E. coli (30.03mm) with moderate activity against C. tropicalis (16.33mm) and Proteus mirabilis (14.00mm). The acetone extract of Trametes spp. when combined produced a better antimicrobial effect against C. albicans (29.00mm), Acinetobacter iwoffii (28.00mm), S. aureus ATCC (25.00mm), S. saprophyticus (24.10mm), Shigella sonnei (24.00mm) C. kruesi (23.00mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae NCBI 418 (21.00mm), C. glabrata (21.00mm) and C. tropicalis (19.00mm) than when used singly. Also, A. iwoffii (26.00mm) was more susceptible to the combination of n-hexane extract of both Trametes spp. than the single extract of T. elegans (23.03mm) and T. polyzona (13.00mm). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the extract against tested uropathogens ranged from 9.38 to 150.00mg/ml. The present study shows that the extracts contain bioactive compounds with good antimicrobial effect. Also, the synergistic effects produced by the combination of T. elegans and T. polyzona holds a good promise in the treatment of infection caused by uropathogens