PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SEROPOSITIVITY IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL AND ANTIBACTERIA EFFECT OF GARCINIA KOLA ((HECKEL) ON BACTERIAL ISOLATED FROM INFECTED BLOOD

Abstract

This study was aimed at detecting the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in apparently healthy individuals and to know the effects of Garcinia kola (leaf) extracts activity on the isolated bacterial. In total, 407 blood samples were collected from healthy people from Federal Medical Center Owo, Ondo State and Don Bosco Medical Diagnostic Center, Akure, Ondo State. The overall prevalence rate of 26.6% individuals tested positive while the rest 73.4% was negative. Bacteria isolated from the HBsAg positive individuals are Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Proteus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Klebsiella sp., and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated against bacterial isolates. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that, the bacterial isolates were resistant to conventional antibiotics with zone of inhibition ranging from 1 to 5 mm except for species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus which were partially susceptible with zone of inhibition ranging from 6 to 13 mm. However, the chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola showed higher degree of inhibition against all the test bacteria than conventional antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values of Garcinia kola extracts varied and ranged from 6.25 to 50 mg/mL and 12.5 to 50 mg/mL respectively. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, phenols, tannin, steroid, glycoside, cardiac glycoside, terpenoid, phlobatannin, and anthraquinones. Plasmid profile of resistant bacteria showed that Streptococcus sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., possessed plasmid while Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp., lack plasmid. These results demonstrated that the extracts have antibacterial activity on the test isolates and therefore suggest that Garcinia kola is a promising candidate for the development of new drugs in phytomedicine.