COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM POULTRY WASTES AND GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM AGAINST POULTRY PATHOGENS

Abstract

This work has investigated into the two possible choices of combating some poultry pathogens. These sources include metabolite of Lactobacilli isolated from poultry waste (droppings) and plant extracts of namely Gliricidia sepium. Eight species of Lactobacillus were isolated, characterized and identified from poultry waste and were screened for their antibacterial potency. Out of the eight species (L. caucasicus, L. pastoriums, L. buchneri, L. helvelticus, L. platanrum, L. delbreuchi, L. acidophilus, and L. brevis) tested using agar well diffusion and paper disk methods, only L. buchneri, L. helvelticus, L. delbreuchi, and L. acidophilus, were active against all the tests organisms. The zone of inhibition ranged from 12.00±0.00 to 35.17±0.17 mm with the highest potency observed on L. delbruckii (35.17±0.17 mm) against E. coli while the least zone of inhibition (12.00±0.00 mm) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhi by L. caucasicus, and L. buchneri. For Disk paper method, the zone of inhibition ranged from 3.00±0.00 to 26.67±0.64 mm with the highest efficacy observed with L. delbruckii against S. flexneri 26.67±0.37 mm while the least zone of inhibition was observed with L. brevis against S. typhi with 3.00±0.00 mm. For Gliricidia sepium the methanol, ethanol, aqueous, acetone and petroleum ether soluble crude and fraction extract of G. sepium leaf were examined for antibacterial activities, phytochemicals and possible sources of antioxidant. The antibacterial activity of the crude and fractions was examined against four poultry bacterial isolates using the agar well diffusion and ring spot methods respectively. In the test for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion, it was found that ethanol extract possessed the highest zone of inhibition of 25.90±0.10 mm against S. typhi while the least zone of inhibition of 15.00±0.00 mm was recorded with petroleum ether against S. flexneri. The antioxidant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was performed with appreciable level of both ferric reducing antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities were better expressed in ethanolic extract than others. Likewise, ethanol extract has the highest concentration of phenol and flavonoid contents with a value of 7.57±0.00mg/g and 3.94±0.02mg/g respectively. In conclusion it was discovered that the Lactobacillus metabolites isolated from poultry waste has a better antimicrobial effects.