CARRIER RATE AND EXTENDED SPECTRUM ß-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS CEREUS FROM PATIENTS ATTENDING SELECTED GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN ONDO STATE

Abstract

The aim of the study was to present the carrier rate and extended spectrum ß-Lactamases (ESBL) production by Bacillus cereus from patients attending government hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. The isolation of bacteria from wounds, carrier rate of B. cereus, antibiotic sensitivity profile, ESBL production of B. cereus, plasmid analysis were determined using standard methods. More Males visited (59.3%) government hospitals for the treatment of wounds than females during the course of this research. Four-point-five percent (4.5%) of the patients with wounds were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 4.0 percent of the respondents were on diabetes drugs. In the course of the survey at the government hospitals in Ondo State 9.3 % of the respondents smoke cigarette. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus. Staphylococcus aureus was the most isolated bacteria from the wounds, with the occurrence of 34.27 %. Male wounds had the most carrier rate of B. cereus than the female with a percentage of 53.85 %. The age range of 45-54 years had the most carrier rate of B. cereus with a percentage of 35.90 %. Farmers had the highest percentage carrier rate of B. cereus among the occupations observed. Skin infection was the common wound contaminated with B. cereus with a percentage positivity of 30.77 %. Patients from Akure had the highest carrier rate of Bacillus cereus compare to patients from other cities, with a frequency distribution of 35.90 %. The molecular characterizations according to the 16S rRNA analyses of the isolate were observed. Based on the BLASTn results, the isolates confirmed are Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella oxytoca strain KONIH5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CFSAN084950, Escherichia coli strain MT 102, Proteus mirabilis strain HI4320, Streptococcus Pyogenes strain CCUG 4207 and Bacillus cereus 03BB102. It was observed that Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus had multiple resistances to the antibiotics disc used in the course of the study, while 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes were susceptible to most of the antibiotics. Twenty five (64.10 %) out of the 39 isolates of B. cereus isolated from the respondent are ESBL producers. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and B. cereus were found to have high multiple resistances to antibiotics than other bacteria isolated in the course of the research. The results from this research have shown that resistance in S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B. cereus were plasmid based, due to the fact that the bacteria were susceptible to antibiotics after plasmid curing. The results also show that the isolates were plasmid mediated. Regular surveillance of hospital and community associated S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and B. cereus, and their susceptibility to antibiotics is necessary to prevent an outbreak and spread of resistant strains in the locality. Nongastrointestinal infections by B. cereus are relatively rare but can occur particularly in patients whose defense is weakened. These include wound infections, ophtalmic infections, endocarditis, postoperative meningitis, urinary tract infection and liver infection.