ASSESSMENT OF THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONTAINING CALCINED CERAMIC WASTE AND WASTE GLASS POWDER

Abstract

Reinforced concrete structures are exposed to harsh environment and are often expected to last for a long period of time (often 100 years or more). To do this, a durable structure needs to be produced. For reinforced concrete such as bridges, gravity concrete platform and concrete seawall in salty and aggressive marine environment, one of the major forms of environmental attack is chloride ingress, which leads to corrosion of the reinforcing steel and a subsequent reduction in the strength and serviceability of the structure, a situation that may lead to early repair or premature replacement of the structure. A common method of preventing such deterioration is to prevent chloride from penetrating the structure to the level of the reinforcing steel bar by using relatively impenetrable concrete cover. The ability of chloride ion to penetrate the concrete must be known, for design as well as quality control purposes. The penetration of concrete by chloride ion however is a slow process that cannot be determined directly in a time frame that would be useful as a quality control measure. In view of this, a test method that accelerates the process is needed. This research presents the results of an experimental investigation on the durability and compression assessment of concrete for different levels of cement replacement with Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP). A Water cement ratio of 0.65 and 3% molar solution (0.3M) of each of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) were used to determine the durability of the concrete produced according to ASTMC1202. Tests carried out include setting time of cement, Concrete Slump, compacting factor, sieve analysis, specific gravity, oxide composition, air void, compressive strength, X-ray diffraction and Rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT). A prescribed Concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 was used in the production of concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm with the addition of Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) at various levels of cement replacement. The oxide composition showed that the Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) are pozzolans as required by the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM of 1994. The sieve analysis of the sand used fall within the zone iii of fine aggregate grading. The result of tests carried out on different mixes of replacement of Calcined Ceramic Waste (CCW) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) show that the compressive strength of concrete at maturity age of 90 days decreased with increase in the replacement level of Calcined Ceramic Waste and Waste Glass Powder except 5% Calcined Ceramic Waste with 5% Waste Glass Powder (C5G5) and5% Calcined Ceramic Waste and 10% Waste Glass Powder (C5G10) replacement which gave 19.03N/mm2 and 19.00N/mm2 respectively. These values were compared well with 22.07N/mm2 of compressive strength of control. In the terms of durability, all the concrete produced offer a high resistance to chloride ion penetration because there was no case for which the penetration depth of chloride ion was up to 20mm concrete cover recommended for reinforcement in dry climate and 30mm cover for reinforcement in the sea location. The result of this research can be utilized in the construction industry.