ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS ELLIS AND SAROJA LEAF EXTRACT ON BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOME WOUND INFECTIONS

Abstract

Limitations have been concurrent with the usage of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of wound infections which calls for the adoption of ethno-botanical remedy. The activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract on bacterial isolates from wound infections was investigated in this study. The collection of swabs of different wound infections include diabetes mellitus foot ulcer, burn wound, post skin graft, avulsion wound, chronic leg ulcer, chronic arterial leg ulcer, sickle cell leg ulcer, crushed hand injury wounds and crushed leg injury was conducted using Levine methods of wound collection. The isolation and identification of bacteria from wound swabs was conducted via direct plate method. The percentage recovery of crude extracts and phytochemical analysis of Jatropha tanjorensis crude extracts was carried out using standard method. The antibacterial assay of Jatropha tanjorensis crude extracts on wound bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity pattern were done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) index determination of bacterial isolates was estimated using standard model. Structural elucidation of the bioactive components of the plant was done using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS) techniques. Among bacterial isolated from wounds were Coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. S. aureus coagulase +ve had the highest percentage occurrence (68.4%) in burn wound samples while P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia had the least percentage occurrence (4%) in diabetes mellitus foot ulcer wound samples. 82.01%, 79.5%, 56.36% and 53.04% were recovered from methanol, ethanol, hot water and cold water of J. tanjorensis crude extract respectively on soxhlet extraction. Methanol and ethanol extracts revealed the presence of methyl ester as eicosane and 6-Octadecanoic acid respectively. Saponin was observed to be the highest concentration of phytochemical in methanol extract (58 mg/g), while flavonoid had the least (1

mg/g) in cold water extract. Methanol extract had the highest zone of inhibition of 33 mm, while the least (5 mm) was observed on cold water extract on S. aureus coagulase positive and P. aeruginosa respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the different wound infections had the highest MIC of 100 mg/ml whereas coagulase +ve Staphylococcus aureus had the least at 12.5 mg/ml in relation to the methanol extract of J. tanjorensis. S. aureus coagulase +ve, S.aureus coagulase –ve and Streptococcus pyogenes were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin at 31.00±1.00mm, 29.00±1.00 mm and 31.16±0.76 mm respectively whereas amoxicillin was overly resistant to all the bacterial isolates. P. aeroginosa and P. mirabilis were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin at 31.0±1.00 mm and 31.5±0.50 mm respectively among the Gram negative bacterial isolates and were all resistant to amoxicillin, gentamycin and augmentin. The MAR index of Gram-positive bacterial isolates from wound swabs ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 while those of Gram negative bacterial ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. This study revealed methanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity compared to aqueous and ethanol extracts as well as other antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) utilized on wound bacterial flora. The structural elucidation of bioactive chemical compounds observed certifies J. tanjorensisas potential ethno-botanical remedy for the management of wound infections. This suggests the use of J. tanjorensis as a proven herbal concoction for the management of wound bacteria flora before wound deterioration.