Abstract:
The scope of this study encompasses modeling of the total electric field radiation by a
dipole antenna in the frequency domain for geophysical experimental designs. The work
also evaluates the attenuation, skin depth, and amplitude of different geological
environments. This was done by encoding the dipole antenna formula in Matlab software
to examine the response of the electromagnetic fields in the marine, groundwater, and oil
and gas environments. From the results obtained, the optimal frequency utilized across the
environment is 1000 Hz, while the lowest is 0.01 Hz. The skin depth for shallow target
exploration in the marine environment is about 20 m, while deep target exploration remains
optimal at 0.1 Hz. In groundwater environments, the skin depth occurs at distances below
11 m, while a frequency of 0.1 Hz shows a greater strength of penetration across the field.
The oil and gas environment has a skin depth lower than 110 m, while the energy remains
optimal at a frequency of 0.01 Hz. The output of this model was validated using statistical
analysis for calculating the mean and standard deviation across the fields, which were then
compared in terms of magnitude. The total field has the highest mean value as observed
across the three environments, with values of 0.087744, 50.86456, and 59.81677 A/m,
respectively. Considering the standard deviation, the far field has the lowest value of the
standard deviation in the order of 1.52E-07, 2.48E-08, and 9.88E-09 A/m, respectively,
which makes it suitable for deeper investigation depths. It can therefore be concluded that
energy decay in a geologic environment is not a function of the magnitude of energy
utilized for probing but of the careful selection of frequency for better optimization and
deeper penetration.
