WASTE ENGINEERING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AN INGENIOUS ALLIANCE TO THE DRAWDOWN

Abstract

...With industrialization came rapid urbanization, which required robust infrastructure: railroads, sewer systems, and urban planning projects to support growing cities and industries. Factories became hubs of innovation, particularly in mechanical engineering, driving productivity, improving standards of living, and fueling economic growth. Yet, these advances were not without consequence. The era saw labour exploitation, environmental degradation, and social inequality, prompting waves of reform. The Industrial Revolution laid the foundation for the technological breakthroughs of the 20th century and beyond. Importantly, this period also marked a shift in gender roles. Women entered the workforce in large numbers, especially in textile factories, challenging societal norms and contributing to industrial output. However, industrialization initially brought poor health outcomes, pollution, overcrowding, and unsafe working conditions. These...