Abstract:
Around the world, manufacturing firms face intense pressure to remain competitive on cost, quality, and speed. Customer expectations have escalated – consumers now demand defect-free products delivered faster and customised to their needs, all while expecting companies to uphold sustainable practices (Nahil, 2024). It means manufacturers must juggle multiple challenges: improving quality and eliminating defects, shortening lead times to respond to market shifts, and adopting greener processes to meet environmental standards. Today’s manufacturing
environment is unforgiving – only those who can consistently deliver high-quality products quickly and sustainably will thrive.
