Abstract:
Residual clay occurrences developed over Basement Complex psammitic rocks in Esa – Oke and
its environs in southwestern Nigeria were mineralogically, chemically and physically investigated
to evaluate their industrial properties. For the purpose of these investigations, a total number of
seventeen (17) soil samples were randomly collected along the road cut. Each of the soil samples
was divided into three (3) portions for different tests that were carried out.
For mineralogical analysis, two representative clay samples were analyzed using X – ray
diffractometer (XRD) at the Petrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Amadu Bello University,
Zaria. Chemical analysis of five (5) different samples for major and trace elements using X- ray
fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer were also done at the same Laboratory while the physical
properties of thirteen (13) clay samples were carried out at Engineering Geology Laboratory,
Federal University of Technology, Akure.
Mineralogical analysis showed that kaolinite (43% - 48%) constitutes the dominant clay mineral
while phlogopite (40%) and quartz (16% - 52%) made – up the non – clay minerals.
Chemical data revealed that SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with values of 64%, 27% and 5% respectively
constitutes about 90% of the bulk chemical composition.
Physical properties assessment of industrial suitability showed that the clay bodies of the study
area possess low – moderate mouldability, medium – high plasticity, low compressive strength
and moderate water absorption capacity.
The study concluded that, with appropriate processing and beneficiation, the clay could serve as
raw materials for paints, bricks and structural wares.
