ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ERYTHROPHLEUM IVORENSIS BARK AND LEAF OF SYZYGIUM GUINEENSE ON BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WOUNDS

Abstract

This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of E. ivorensis bark and leaf of S. guineense extracts on some bacteria isolates from wounds using standard microbiological techniques. The bioactive materials were extracted using three different solvents; ethanol, hot water and cold water. All the extracts of both plants except cold water extracts of S. guineense showed antibacterial activity against both typed and clinical isolates of E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. At 50mg/ml concentration of both plants on the test organisms, the mean zones of inhibition(ml) ranged from 2.33±0.58 to 11.00±0.00. At 100mg/ml concentration of both plants, the mean zones of inhibition(ml) ranged from 6.00±0.00a to 23.00±0.00 on the test organisms. with ethanolic extracts of both plants having the least MIC values followed by hot water extract and cold water extract respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of both plants ranged from 3.125 to 25.00mg/ml. MIC values for clinical bacteria were lower than those of typed bacteria. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) of both plants ranged from 6.25 to 50.00mg/ml. Among standard antibiotics examined, tarivid had the highest zone of growth inhibition ranged from 8.00±0.00 to 29.00±0.58 followed by ciprofloxacin from 10.33±0.58 to 28.33±0.58, with septrin having the least zones of inhibition from 0.00±0.00 to 28.33±0.58 while gentamycin had no effect on the test organisms. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts showed that the amount of saponins, tannins, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid and cardiac glycosides vary with the extracts. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that the fraction of cold water, hot water and ethanolic extracts of S. guineense and E. ivorensis revealed the presence of different spots which indicate some compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed the presence of some However, the results may serve as a scientific basis to develop safe and effective drugs for the treatment of some infectious diseases. compounds with regards to their functional groups; aldehydes (C-H), alkenes (C=C), β-lactones (C=O) and phenols (OH).